Educate a Woman, Educate a Generation - 849 Words

â€Å"You educate a man; you educate a man. You educate a woman; you educate a generation.† (Young). This quote illustrates the importance of women in today’s society and the crucial role they play in inspiring the next generation of young women. Feminism is a social perspective dedicated to equality and equal rights between both sexes, male and female. This social perspective has been and still is practiced by millions of feminists around the world fighting for equal rights. The feminist movement has undergone three waves in the past century, changing the face of the human race as we know it. It has changed social norms and shifted the norms and stereotypes of typical gender inequality that is embedded in daily practices. In Canada we still†¦show more content†¦It is completely unjust that women are penalized for taking time off to care for their own child. And if the woman does not get fired, they typically face discrimination and outdated ideas of what a wom an can accomplish if shes pregnant or a mother. And occupations that are considered traditional womens work, such as nursing and teaching, are habitually some of the lowest-paying fields. Feminism is needed because there is still a significant amount of areas in society where women are mistreated and discriminated against merely based on their gender. Women are not only unequally leveled as men in society, but many of their major contributions to humanity are often overlooked because of the male dominated society we live in. Women have made countless contributions to society that has literally changed the way humans live and think today. From developments such as the dishwasher, advanced x-ray medical technology, medication for cancer and leukemia, gas heating furnace and many more have all been contributed by women. Iconic women such as Audrey Hepburn, Marilyn Munroe, Michelle Obama, Mother Teresa and Anne Frank have left such a massive impact on the world. Powerful and inspiring women are often left unnoticed because of how much attention is paid to men. The numbers of men who are glorified and honored heavily outweigh the number of women. Women are over 50% of Canadas population and currently comprise an average of 25% of CanadasShow MoreRelatedFeminism And The First Wave Feminism1651 Words   |  7 Pagesdomination. Whether this be in the workplace which we see all the time when women and men have the same degree but men will get paid higher than a woman â€Å"nobody argued whether women were infer ior or superior to men; they were simply different† (Kolmar pg.173). I also see male domination with sexual assault to women this is way for a man to â€Å"control† a woman. This brings up another aim women fighting for the right to their own body and when they want to have children if they want to at all. Women inRead MoreWomen Education And Human Diversity1568 Words   |  7 Pagesfield of Women Education†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.05 Measures taken by the Government†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...05 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦06 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦07 â€Å"You educate a man; you educate a man. You educate a woman; you educate a generation† - Brigham Young Abstract Women play a substantial role in shaping the society. Since the nurturing and upbringing of the future of a nation lies solely in the hands of women, educating women has become a subjectRead MoreOne Can Agree That The Education Of Children Is Vital.The1280 Words   |  6 Pagessufficient, know how to read and write, and is lessens the chance of her being taken advantage of. The girl who is married and has children can only do so much for her children because she is uneducated herself. When one educates a mother, the mother educates her children and in return can educate a village. When looking at the pathos in the articles of educating young girls, it can be all about the well being and stability of those who are uneducated compared to those who are educated. Both articles portrayRead MoreTodays Education - Boon or Bane826 Words   |  4 Pagesthe development of a definite type education is must.as Aristotle says â€Å"educated people r much superior to uneducated as living to dead† it is a sign of superiority.†only educate people r free† says epictetus which means that it is a sign of freedom.â€Å"You educate a man; you educate a man. You educate a woman; you educate a generation.†Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬â€¢Ã‚  Brigham Young education of girls has been a high priority for the govt of india. The sarva shiksha abhiyan launched by the govt ensures the education of girls andRead MorePopular Culture As Defined By Alexandre O. Philippe944 Words   |  4 Pagessays something about us, about our better nature and isn’t it time for us to respect it, cherish it, and learn to preserve it?† Growing up in the modern age, popular culture has had a huge impact on my life. Being a part of the newest technology generation, society seems to be driven by what’s new, what’s the latest trend, or what’s the latest issue. Now more than ever, popular culture seems to have taken over the new medium for how people understand news and media worldwide within the numerous socialRead MoreMyth on Aging Essay1593 Words   |  7 PagesThere are many misconceptions when we talk about sex especially to old age generation. During the first day of class in HS 107, we talked about myths on aging. According to many people, they believed that â€Å"Majority of old people have no interest in, nor capacity for, sexual relations† (Facts on Aging Quiz). In our society, many people believe that older adults do not have sex when they reach the certain old age. Many argue that as you grow older your body becomes frail, thus, decreasing and diminishingRead MoreEugenics In The 1920s Essay1388 Words   |  6 Pagesfor the United States, shifted the American peoples energies. Especially those of the younger generations, from those of feeling uncertainty and fear to a joyous carpe diem mentality. This led to the emergence of the roaring 20s. The rise of the flapper, a consumer society, and jazz music all epitomized this decade. However, not everyone was on board with these social changes. Typically, the older generations did not embrace this new liberal and progressive mentality. Naturally, there where effortsRead MoreCultural Identities and Customs1041 Words   |  4 PagesAs we keep moving forward towards a new ever changing future, we equip ourselves with cultural identities and customs so that we can relay it upon our future generations. Overtime these customs evolve and adapt with their newer inhabitants, but there are other customs that lay stagnant, not willing to be changed by the population itself . In certain parts of the continent of Africa, an age old tradition of female genital mutilation is still practiced to this day. â€Å"While the practice is declining inRead MorePopular Culture As Defined By Alexandre O. Philippe1498 Words   |  6 PagesIt says something about us, about our better nature and isn’t it time for us to respect it, cherish it, and learn to preserve it?† Growing up in the modern age, popular culture has had a huge impact on my life. Being a part of the new technology generation, society seems to be driven by what’s new, what’s the latest trend, or what’s the latest issue. Now more than ever, popular culture seems to have taken over the new medium for how people understand news and media worldwide within the numerous socialRead MoreThe Impact Of Public Education On The Advancement Of Women s Rights982 Words   |  4 Pagesthe guidance of a feminist teacher, a classroom can be transformed into a politically savvy force, pushing for the progression of women within Canadian society. Through my studies and volunteer activities, I have and will contin ue to influence generations of learners in Canada to think critically about the state of women’s rights, and to contribute to feminist progress within our society. The influence of public education within Canadian society is a major reason why I have chosen to pursue a degree

Movie Analysis The Movie Anchorman - 1101 Words

The movie Anchorman: The Legend of Ron Burgundy is based in the 1970s. It depicts the highly male dominated broadcast team and shows the shake up when a woman is hired as a reporter and has aspirations of becoming an anchor the television station. The particular scene shows Ron Burgundy is flustered because Veronica Coringstone is impeding on his masculinity. Burgundy exemplifies hegemonic masculinity by explaining he is a man and a professional, when Coringstone says he his acting like a baby he takes offense and explains he is a man and he his ultimately better than a women because indeed he is a man. Burgundy states, â€Å"I’m a man who discovered the wheel, and built the Eiffel Tower out of metal and brawn. Thats what kind of man I am.†¦show more content†¦Also, using a mixture of quantities and qualitative data could result in more power for their results in the study. For example, they could interview the boys on why they feel one way or another, and concentrat e on the reasons for their aggressive actions and thought process. Using only qualitative or quantitative data shows only one side of the evidence. The second study centers around women and how their gender stereotypes and negative thoughts can create distress, low self-esteem and ultimately submissiveness. The researchers use the example of women entering a highly dominated male work environment. If she does her best not to think about the gender stereotypes, she will internalize her feelings and it will make her loose her confidence (Borton, Reiner, Vazquez, Ruddiman, Anglin, 2011). The researchers randomly assigned women to face a gender stereotype and try to suppress their feelings while working with a male counterpart (Borton et al., 2011). Then they videotaped the women to view their reactions. The hypothesis is based on the assumption that when women are forced to internalize gender stereotype such as inferiority, they will eventually show physical and verbal distress (Borton et al., 2011). Their method involves 56 collage women ranging from ages 18-22. The student’s incentives for participating in the study invo lved extra credit and a chance to win a hundred dollars (Borton et al., 2011). The researches used the blind study method. After the womenShow MoreRelatedHow the Poem Ozymandias Highlights the Fundamental Issue in the Film Watchmen1255 Words   |  6 Pagesfrailty of mankind in the thread of measureless time. It’s not happenstance that one of the main characters in the movie Watchmen refers to himself as Ozymandias. Adrian Alexander Viedt, the smartest and one of the most powerful individuals on Earth, is a contemporary version of the Egyptian king. Though, Adrian Viedt masterfully averted the looming nuclear war and created his utopia in the movie, his feats are concealed to the public just as Ozymandias’s vast empire has been forgotten in the modern worldRead MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 Pagesmultitude of problems faced by America and his helplessness in coming up with solutions): Photoshopped †¢ Inherent bias/political slants †¢ E.g. Fox news channel headed by Republican supporters often portray Democrats in a negative light. Fox’s anchorman compared the logo of the recent nuclear technology forums, approved by President Obama, with the Muslim crescent, accusing Obama of having Muslim inclinations. The logo, in fact, was a representation of the scientific atom and had nothing to do with

Edward Balls Slaves in the Family free essay sample

A review of this historical narrative. This paper reviews the historical narrative by Edward Ball, giving a synopsis of the book. It deals with the treatment of black slaves, differences in the duties of males and females and the womens role as preservers of family history and as providers of insight into plantation life. It also looks at Balls investigation of the claim of the commonality of white slave owners sleeping with or raping their female slaves. The paper explains its view of the book as an example of sexism in society. Edward Ball chronicles his familys slave-owning history in the compelling historical narrative Slaves in the Family. Ball traces the lineages of his white relatives and their slaves and where possible recreates life as it was on the Ball plantations in South Carolina. Descendants of the Englishman Elias Ball bought and sold enough slaves to populate a city. We will write a custom essay sample on Edward Balls Slaves in the Family or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page By no means singular in their treatment of the Africans, the Balls prove nevertheless to be a prime example of a Southern plantation dependent on the blood, sweat, and tears of families and individuals ripped from their homeland and bought and sold as commodity. Cruelty was meted out equally among black males and females, but it is worthwhile to contrast the unique experiences of enslaved women on the Southern plantations. If nothing else, motherhood and child-rearing set the women apart. They watched their newborns emerge into a world of shackles, often completely losing them to the slave traders.

Resurfacing free essay sample

As I reflect on the medley of chaos and thrill that dominated my high school experience, my mind continually wanders to the misfortunes that haunted my senior year. I floundered in a sea of profound sorrow and personal battles. The dawn of this four-year endeavor seemed intimidating, but starkly differed from the tribulations I encountered in twelfth grade. It seemed as though the further I advanced in high school, the deeper I settled beneath a sea of struggles. My self-assurance on the first day of senior year contrasted remarkably with the uneasy shyness of my freshman self. I recall how confidently I got out of my silver Nissan Sentra and strode through the pebbly pavement towards the lively cafeteria. Upon spotting my best friend, Nicole, I ran towards her and squeezed the breath out of her; we constantly giggled and wore huge smiles on our faces as we headed towards our first class of the year. We will write a custom essay sample on Resurfacing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We were now the revered seniors, attracting the admiration of the novice freshmen. â€Å"I am SO excited for homecoming. We’re doing powderpuff, right?† Nicole reminded me. â€Å"Duh. Even though we know nothing about football. We’re going to do everything, so that we can make the most of our last year together, remember?† I retorted. We giggled as we entered the familiar classroom. Posters of all sorts of literary works hung at odd angles from the beige walls and a mixture of known and unfamiliar faces resided in the desks of the musty space. I greeted my Academic Decathlon teacher, Ms. Mathew, and settled into a tiny desk. As the final bell softly rang throughout the hallways, Ms. Mathew shuffled to the center of the classroom. All eyes converged to her as she introduced herself and began detailing the program’s curriculum. I spaced out while she presented this familiar information to the rookie Decathletes. However, when Ms. Mathew’s tone shifted from silliness to utter seriousness, I felt queasy. â€Å"Although the first scrimmage includes all members of Higley’s ‘AcDec’, the team will eventually cut down to nine competitors, who will participate in the regional and state competitions. This means you’re going to have to devote much time to studying the material to score high enough and to experience the entire competition season,† she declared. Though I was thoroughly familiar with the class and the competition, my mind flooded with anxiety and doubt. I quickly brushed the anxiety off. Yet it is peculiar how this sentiment would stream behind me throughout the whole year. Soon enough, my friendship with Nicole began to fragment. Her personal life was ridden with discord, which affected our relationship. She sparingly contacted me, embarrassed to disclose what occurred within her familial sphere. I tried helping her, but she wouldn’t let me. I witnessed the transformation of our sisterhood. I didn’t anticipate it. Our seemingly everlasting bond unexpectedly corrupted. We seldom texted or spoke on the phone, and she physically distanced herself from me in school. It was a sunny Friday. Thankful for the school having ended, I raced home and into the comfort of my warmly lit room. I gazed at my phone’s vibrant screen, anticipating a message from her. No new notifications. I put the thing aside and tried to distract myself with stale activities, hoping to forget what had happened. But then, I began to cry. The tears streamed down my face as I realized our friendship was crumbling. At this point, I began drowning in a vast sea of misery. Our senior year plans broke the surface of the sea and tumbled into the ocean’s dark abyss, permanently lost. Just like our friendship. Though I had many other friendships, no relationship compared to the one that had just ended. I felt alone. I was brutally forced to experience senior-year novelties alone. I concealed my pain through my schoolwork. Fortunately (though later unfortunately), I enrolled in five AP classes and became president of the Academic Decathlon club. The advanced material demanded strenuous hours in studying, my instructors immodest in assigning homework. Aside from that, college applications and scholarships awaited my attention. Initially, I wholeheartedly delved into this realm of constant work, because it distracted me from my personal struggles. However, the workload became too much to bear. Most nights, a dim lightbulb brightened my untidy workspace as I frantically scribbled answers on my homework. My once splendid distraction transformed into an untamable flurry of anxiety, deadlines, and tension. My life felt mechanical: I lacked sources of genuine joy owed to the work demanding to be completed. The schoolwork robbed me of time to develop my friendships and severely limited the time spent with my family. Unintentionally, it managed to sink me deeper into my pain. Months passed and the highly anticipated announcement of the exclusive Academic Decathlon team of nine arrived. I jiggled the doorknob and boldly entered the mundane room; a ray of hope glimmered within the muting ocean’s depths. I took pride in my discipline in studying the program’s curriculum and in my active participation in class. My preparation for this moment led me to firmly believe I would integrate into the quaint group that would represent my school’s Academic Decathlon team. Once again, Ms. Mathew assumed her position in the center of the classroom. Everyone knew the nature of her announcement. My hands jittered with adrenaline. â€Å"So, I decided that the students who will represent Higley’s Academic Decathlon at regionals and state will be: Emily, Zoe, Josh, Naya, Katy, Ivy, Jonah, Brooke, and Kyle,† she revealed, almost indifferently. Bitterness and dejection soon enveloped my soul. This was the most important project I had been working on. Yet my efforts seemed oddly insufficient. Angry at the loss of this grand opportunity, I grew envious of the students who took part in this elite team. How could my dedication be overlooked? I deserved this, since I worked so hard. Why would she do this to me? I thought. Being overlooked for the Academic Decathlon team, along with my loneliness and overwhelming schoolwork, propelled me to assume an attitude of indifference and aloofness towards my surroundings. I could believe how terribly my senior year developed. A cloud of constant gloom settled over me, resulting in my further retracting from my social environment. I reflected my innate shyness with everyone, even those I managed to form comfortable and close connections with. No longer was I the girl with the air of self-confidence evident at the beginning of the school-year. For the first time in my life, I completely detached myself from my friends and family. My parents couldn’t understand the magnitude of pain I felt and demanded that I quickly get over my problems. I knew my troubles weren’t the worst thing that could happen to someone; but, they still inflicted profound grief and heartache. The trials heightened and my inner dissatisfaction expanded. I grew desperate to graduate and escape this solemn territory of despondency. I hopelessly tried swimming away from the weight attached to my ankles, but it pulled me closer to my ocean’s bottom. I was drowning. I was depressed. Throughout this entire period, my sadness consumed me; I couldn’t understand why this had occurred to me, which only distanced me from overcoming my depression. I continually wallowed in self-pity. Certain experiences seem unconquerable and demand pain to be felt. But one must persevere. It is vital to accept the inevitable episodes of suffering and pain presented by life; rejecting pain delays maturity and heightens the emotional struggle related to the negative experience. This precisely happened to me. I did not want to acknowledge that chapters of unhappiness are bound to settle in my life, which deepened my internal hardships. Once I managed to recognize this pattern, the weights that once held me down to the sea’s abyss slowly lightened. And now, I am resurfacing.

The Concepts of Ethics, Its Potential Problems and Solutions

The Concepts of Ethics, Its Potential Problems and Solutions Smith is purchasing a business named Underground Shoes and Accessories near Lutz, Florida. During the last few years, the business has had several issues with the law because of claims of false advertising and wrongful termination of employees. As a result, Smith is concerned about the ethical culture of the firm. This article seeks to review the concepts of ethics critically, evaluate potential ethical problems in Smith’s business, and help him propose the solutions to his problems.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Concepts of Ethics, Its Potential Problems and Solutions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Based on the above description, it is apparent that Smith will be faced with overwhelming task when he takes control of the firm. For Smith’s firm to be successful, it should have human, financial, and physical resources to tackle the situation (Agarwal, 2010). Similarly, Smith must be sensitive to i nternal and external challenges. Through this, he will be required to reengineer and restructure his firm. By doing so, he may be required to reduce or increase the size of his workforce and enhance exceptional leadership skills in the firm’s top management. To prevent conflicts between his firm and the law, Smith must formulate and implement an appropriate ethical culture with immediate effect. Once he acquires the firm, he should formulate a new code of ethics in the company. The new code of ethics should articulate the accepted standards. To achieve this, he will be required to strengthen ethical culture and promote an ethical workforce within the executive branch. Similarly, the new code of ethics should be used to institutionalize ethics within the firm. The code of ethics should illustrate a broad value system of an organization, describe the organization’s principles, and detail guidelines for decision making that are in accordance with these principles (Paliwal , 2006). Thereafter, Smith should ensure that the code of ethics is implemented and adhered to at all time. Likewise, he should appoint a task force to investigate on the allegation of wrongful termination of employees. Through the task force report, managers responsible for the act should be held accountable. Similarly, the task force should come up with recommendations on how to foster the relationship between the employees and the executives. Through this, the production of the employees will be increased. Equally, Smith should ensure that his firm foster consumer confidence by producing quality products. Similarly, products’ advertisements should be genuine.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To improve the human resource management of the firm and avoid future legal problems, Smith must implement suitable management measures. It is obvious that the previou s human resource management team participated in wrongful termination of employees. As such, most of the previous management strategies will lose their validity in the new firm. While advisers and interim managers can provide some of the management skills necessary to turn around this firm, Smith must be prepared to structure the firm’s management organs (Bibeault, 2002). Therefore, Smith must appoint a new team to enhance the relationship between the employees and the executive. The appointed team should comprise of competent and efficient individuals to salvage the organization from collapsing. Through this, the company should develop and implement suitable rescue plan. The plan should address the fundamental problems, tackle the underlying causes, and enhance ethical culture. By doing so, Smith will ensure that his firm’s rescue plan is built on a robust foundation. Similarly, the plans should tackle potential legal challenges in the future. References Agarwal, O. P . (2010). Turnaround management with business process re-engineering. Mumbai India : Himalaya Pub House. Bibeault, D. B. (2002). Corporate turnaround: how managers turn losers into winners.. New York: McGraw-Hill. Paliwal, M. (2006). Business ethics. New Delhi: New Age International.

Condolence Quotes to Express Sorrow

Condolence Quotes to Express Sorrow How do you express your condolence when someone you love is going through a traumatic period? What do you say, and how do you say it? The Loss Some time ago, a close friend lost her five-year-old son in a tragic accident. The bereaved mother was beside herself with grief. No words could comfort her. Its tough to comfort someone grieving about death. What can you say to comfort a mother who has just lost her child? Do you  express grief or provide words of strength, or will your words seem empty? Etiquette of Courtesy Social norms emphasize on etiquettes of greeting people on happy occasions, such as birthdays, engagement, weddings, marriage anniversaries, or other personal and professional milestones. Gift shops abound with greeting cards and gifts that express joy and celebration. Our culture falls short of expressions that teach people how to express sadness during times of grief. Tragedy and Loneliness Go Hand in Hand Funerals and prayer meetings are social platforms for people to offer condolences. After the initial flurry of activity, everyone goes back to their lives, leaving the grieving family to face loneliness and despair. Few turn back to see how the grieving family is coping with the loss. How to Help Others Overcome Grief Grief is a difficult burden to bear. Initially, your friend may shun your companionship or words of solace, because he is  hurting too much. To overcome grief, one has to come to terms with it. Your sympathy can help your loved ones. However great the tragedy, inspirational words can redeem the grieving soul. Quotes to Offer Condolences These condolence quotes will soothe the heartbroken. Help your loved ones pick themselves up, and move on. Share these condolence quotes at funerals, church services, or make a solemn toast in honor of the departed soul. Your words can give a glimmer of hope to the heartbroken. William WordsworthThat though the radiance, which was once so bright, be now forever taken from my sight. Though nothing can bring back the hour of splendor in the grass, glory in the flower. We will grieve not, rather find strength in what remains behind.Bible, Matthew 5:4Blessed are those who mourn; for they shall be comforted.Beth Mende ConnyIf the future seems overwhelming, remember that it comes one moment at a time.Pierre CorneilleOne often calms ones grief by recounting it.Harriet Beecher StoweAny mind that is capable of real sorrow is capable of good.Anne GrantGrief is a normal and natural response to loss. It is originally an unlearned feeling process. Keeping grief inside increases your pain.AeschylusThere is no pain so great as the memory of joy in present grief.Queen Elizabeth IIGrief is the price we pay for love.Jerome K. JeromeIt is in our faults and failings, not in our virtues, that we touch each other, and find sympathy. It is in our follies that we are one. Nigella LawsonYou dont go around grieving all the time, but the grief is still there and always will be.Benjamin FranklinIt is the will of God and Nature that these mortal bodies be laid aside, when the soul is to enter into real life; tis rather an embryo state, a preparation for living; a man is not completely born until he be dead: Why then should we grieve that a new child is born among the immortals?Dirk BenedictIf we wait until our lives are free from sorrow or difficulty, then we wait forever. And miss the entire point.Robert IngersollIn the night of death, hope sees a star, and listening love can hear the rustle of a wing.Rossiter Worthington RaymondLife is eternal; and love is immortal; and death is only a horizon; and a horizon is nothing save the limit of our sight.Khalil GibranWhen you are sorrowful look again in your heart, and you shall see that in truth you are weeping for that which has been your delight.OvidBear and endure: This sorrow will one day prove to be for yo ur good. Anne Morrow LindberghGrief cant be shared. Everyone carries it alone. His own burden in his own way.ConfuciusWe should feel sorrow, but not sink under its oppression.Henry Wadsworth LongfellowGood-night! good-night! as we so oft have saidBeneath this roof at midnight, in the daysThat are no more, and shall no more return.Thou hast but taken up thy lamp and gone to bed;I stay a little longer, as one staysTo cover up the embers that still burn.Arthur SchopenhauerAlmost all of our sorrows spring out of our relations with other people.Washington IrvingThe natural effect of sorrow over the dead is to refine and elevate the mind.John TaylorWhile we are mourning the loss of our friend, others are rejoicing to meet him behind the veil.Dante AlighieriThere is no greater sorrow than to recall happiness in times of misery.

E-Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

E-Business - Essay Example In the United States, Oceanic Cable of Hawaii was the first to offer it beginning in 2000, immediately after the passing of the Y2K scare. Today, VoD is offered by numerous providers, particularly those who also offer triple play services.† At Netflix, this service was officially made available on January 14, 2008. (Linder 2008) Among the other providers are Amazon Video on Demand, YouTube, Sports Illustrated, Sony Pictures, and Slacker. The United States Postal Service (USPS) is a Government Corporation of the United States for providing postal service in the United States. Netflix chose USPS due to its relatively lower rate compared to private postal services. With the bulk of daily first-class mails, Netflix has to utilize the government’s postal service for efficiency and effectiveness. DVDs are delivered directly to the members address by first-class mail – with a postage-paid return envelope – from more than 50 distribution centers throughout the United States and streamed instantly online to members’ computers - for no additional cost. (Netflix 2009) Netflix has more than 100,000 titles and more than 55 million DVDs total. This means that there are about 550 DVDs of the same titles. Their inventory stipulates that â€Å"Every three months, Netflix members rent more than 95% of the 100,000 titles in the Netflix library. On any given day, more than 46,000 of the 100,000 titles available at Netflix are in distribution.† (Netflix 2009) This service is made possible by Netflix operating in more than 50 distribution centers located throughout the United States. More than 95% of Netflix members live within one-day delivery postal zones. On an average day, Netflix ships two million DVDs. (Netflix

Writing a Search Warrant (CCJS assignment) Term Paper

Writing a Search Warrant (CCJS assignment) - Term Paper Example Following these investigations, and subsequent arrests, the campaign against drugs and substance abuse has been highly supported. Following the undertaken investigations, he has also issued several search warrants for individuals and premises believed to hub individuals engaging in narcotics business. Your affiant has contributed significantly to the improvement of the antinarcotics campaign, through numerous arrests and subsequent convictions of suspects. Your affiant possesses surmountable knowledge and has undergone extensive training in antinarcotics law enforcement from numerous antinarcotics agencies. Your affiant understands the operations involved in the narcotics business, and the various methods utilised by criminals involved in the business. He clearly knows that evidence regarding contacts and business transactions is normally retained and held within residential premises by traders. Such evidence includes but is not limited to telephone contacts, invoices of purchase of different items utilised in undertaking the business, among others. Personal properties like mobile phones and laptops used in communication could also contain potential evidence regarding communications between trading partners. It is also common among the individuals to reside in rented premises, which make it difficult for criminals to be tracked by involved authorities. Most narcotics criminals also register their personal properties under different names, including names of their children, spouses and close relatives and friends. Within the course of the last 5 days, reliable information received by your affiant has revealed the presence of narcotics activities along Queensway Drive, suit number 3758. The confidential informant has observed frequent suspicious activities involving movement of what are believed to be drug peddlers, in and out of this premise. The CI who has provided this information remains one of the most reliable sources of information by the antinarcotics pol ice department. Over the many years he/she has been providing such information, none of the information provided has ever failed to yield fruitful results. These include arrests, and subsequent convictions of many of the suspects investigated. Photographs of suspected drug peddlers around the premises have been provided by the CI, and your affiant is in possession of the same. A check on the individuals in the provided pictures has revealed some have been involved in various criminal offenses in different parts of the country. One of the individuals has been charged with being in possession of illegal drugs. According to the existing drug regulations provided by the Drug Enforcement Administration, federal police departments have been empowered to undertake investigations of suspected drug smugglers. This affidavit has been issued in line with the provisions of drug laws within the United States federal laws on drugs1. In accordance to the requirement for further investigations to be undertaken, a search warrant has been issued for properties suspected to be involved in the illegal drug smuggling business. Attached to this affidavit are the search warrant and the document describing the premises under investigation and the suspected substances being searched in the premises (Departmentofjustice). Attachment A The premises can be described as a residential apartment building Queensway Drive suit number 3758. The particular building has been described as an apartment five storied residential blocks. On the front side of the building, the walls have red bricks, while the backside the building has been painted jungle green. The building stands directly opposite another apartment block consisting of sky blue walls. The most prominent feature of the

Prejudice and Stereotype Essay Example for Free

Prejudice and Stereotype Essay Select three of the identity categories below and name or describe at least 3 related stereotypes for each: Race Ethnicity Religion Gender Sexual orientation Age Disability Category Stereotype 1 Stereotype 2 Stereotype 3 Race Chinese people are good in math All Koreans own a dry cleaning place or a laundry mat African Americans likes chicken Gender Metrosexual men are gay Women with men’s haircut are lesbians Men are better drivers than women Religion All Christian Catholics go to church every Sunday Mormons have more than one spouse. All Christians are Republicans Part II 1. In my opinion, I think that the one positive aspects of stereotypes is getting the knowledge from it, we are all raised differently and some of us are not exposed to different types of races, not knowing nothing else, but what a person knows. An example of this would be a person that is raised in a farm and the only people that this person is exposed to is their own race, and the only way of learning of what is outside of the farm is people telling stories of their experiences meeting other types of races. 2. There are many negative aspects of stereotypes, whether if it is race, religion, gender preference, ethnicity, age or disability, there is nothing good that can come from it. Most of the stereotypes are very hurtful to some that it can lead to depression and health issues or even in some cases suicide. An example of this is Seung-Hui Cho, a Korean American who killed himself after shooting and killing 32 people in Virginia Tech back in 2007. As a young child he was made fun of with his races by other kids until he was in college. Part III The definition of stereotypes is to believe unfairly that all people or things with a particular characteristic are the same. An example of a stereotypes are: men that wear pink shirts are gay, women that ride motorcycles are dikes. The definition of prejudice is an irrational attitude of hostility directed against an individual, a group, a race, or their supposed characteristics. An example of prejudice are: Black people are ghetto, Chinese people have small eyes. The relationship between stereotyping and prejudice is that they go hand in hand, one can start with stereotypes and it ends up to being prejudice. The wording or phrases can be interpreted one way or another, the way that it can be differentiated is by the tone or the way that it is said. To prevent prejudice from occurring, we must do our best educate others about the negative effects of it. It is hard to teach everyone around us the impact on how not to be prejudice, but the ones we can reach out to like the one out of ignorance can be taught. It is all about educating really, and being exposed to other races can play a big roll from prejudice from occurring. REFERENCES: -http://www. psychologytoday. com/blog/ulterior-motives/201302/the-pain-positive-stereotypes -http://www. cnn. com/2013/10/31/us/virginia-tech-shootings-fast-facts/ http://www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/prejudice.

The Promising Future of Chinas Economy Essay -- Economy

The Promising Future of China's Economy If China's economy grows as fast for the next 20 years as it has for the past 14, it will be the biggest economy on earth: I feel that China's drastic improvements over the last 14 years are overwhelming, with their Real GNP growing at a rate of 9% a year, which means by, 1994, China's economy will match the performance of countries like Japan and Taiwan. China's standard of living has also increased, and the number of people who were considered absolutely poor decreased approximately 63%. I feel with the vast amount of people living in China, and the economic activity booming like it is, China's exports will continue to grow, as well as the standard of living. This will create more revenue, and more capital for them to produce even more goods and become even larger, prospering as one of the biggest economies on the earth. I also feel that China should try to overcome its corrupt system and steadily move into a free enterprise system. Competition has been the key to China's success: I believe that competition has been the key to China's success. When Mr. Deng opened the free market, it brought the first signs of the farmers becoming more rich since the 1950s. His political genius allowed the farmers to become rich. He also introduced the "open-door policy" which is proving to be very beneficial, as they follow in the footsteps of their strong rich neighbours. Mr. Perkins believed four conditions must be met for a market system to work well in reforming centrally planned economy. I believe if China continues to improve its productivity, and the number of monopolies decrease as studies show, China will move into a capitalist front only to... ...ver the last several years. The party has a large role to play in China's transition to a full market economy. China is on its way. the West should prepare China's interests lay in foreign investment, trade and economic reform. China's main driving force was competition, and they proved that privatisation and settling the matter of ownership are not so critical in the early stages of reform. In the years ahead, China must choose between keeping the communist party or kepping the stunning economic growth. If they continue to grow at the rate China grows, and keep improving their economy, and join the likes of Japan, they can combine forces in all aspects against the west, military wise and economically wise. if China's economy grows as fast for the next twenty years like it has for the past fourteen, it will be the biggest economy on earth.

Bracero Program

The Bracero Program The Bracero Program was a temporary contract labor program initiated in 1942 by the United States and Mexico. Designed originally to bring a experienced Mexican agricultural laborers to harvest sugar beets in Stockton, California, but soon spread to most of the United States and to the railroad industry. Although the railroad program ended in 1945, after World War II the agricultural program continued until 1964. Originally, the program was designed to protect the illegal migrant workers against the exploitation by American farmers. However, it was criticized and was viewed as a failure from the humanitarian point of view. Workers in the Bracero Program continued to face struggles with the United States and Mexican governments. Many workers did not receive the mandatory savings accounts that were legally guaranteed to them upon conclusion of their contracts to work in the United States. In many states, specifically Texas, the local governments and authorities also took advantage of the workers. Graft and corruption on both sides of the border enriched many Mexican officials as well as unethical â€Å"coyote† freelancers in the United States who promised contracts in Texas for the unsuspecting Bracero. † reported by The Handbook of Texas Online (Handbook of Texas Online, s. v. , 2001. ) Because of the abuse of authoritative power, such as perfunctory arrest for petty causes, and obvious discrimination, Mexico excluded Texas was excluded from the labor-exchange program. Wages paid to legal contracted braceros were low. As well, these workers often encountered poor substandard living conditions. Many braceros left contracted work to return to home or to find better paying jobs. These braceros became known as â€Å"wetbacks. Farmers and ranchers became dependent on a low-cost, docile, illegal labor force. The search for jobs began to move the illegal immigrants farther north into Texas and California. However, there were still many braceros that continued to work under contract and work as law-abiding members of the community. The program became a political issue for the Americans. The United States wielded the power of negotiations with both the Mexican government and the Mexican people. Mexico lost all real bargaining power in the 1950’s. Along with opposition from Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta, the United States determined that the program was no longer vital to the American’s; it discontinued the program in 1964. Chavez and Huerta fought the program because it undermined American workers and exploited the migrant workers. Nothing says it more obvious than the account from Walt Edwards (as cited in Dillin, 2006), When we caught illegal aliens on farms and ranches, the farmer or rancher would often call and complain [to officials in El Paso]. And depending on how politically connected they were, there would be political intervention. That is how we got into this mess we are in now. (Dillin, John, 2006) By the end of the program, farm labor unions began to form which eventually led to the abolishment of laws stating it was illegal to organize farm labor. This lead the way to the grape strikes in California and the boycotts in stores, lead by Filipino farm workers. After the first strike several various organizations began to form and led similar movements around the country. Through the 1960s to the 1980s, Cesar Chavez was a major inspiration to such movements and organizations. One of the most notable protests was when Chavez and the UFW marched from the Coachella Valley to the Mexican border to protest grower’s use of illegal aliens as strikebreakers and replacement workers. References Bracero Program. Bracero Program in Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved on July 29, 2007, from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Bracero_program. Cesar Chavez. Cesar Chavez in Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved on July 29, 2007, from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Ch%C3%A1vez. Dillin, John. (2006, July 06). How Eisenhower solved illegal border crossing from Mexico. [Electronic version. ] Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved on July 29, 2007, from http://www. csmonitor. com/2006/0706/p09s01-coop. html. Handbook of Texas Online, s. v.. (2001, June 6). Operation Wetback. Retrieved on July 29, 2007, from http://www. tsha. utexas. edu/handbood/online/articles/OO/pqo1_print. html

Lamb to the Slaughter Essay

Drama and suspense, one of the most important things an author needs in their story to keep their audience entertained. Without these two elements in a story or movie, the audience would easily get bored. In order to build drama and suspense certain literary devices are required. In the short story, â€Å"Lamb to Slaughter†, the author Roald Dahl builds up this dramatic story by using imagery, irony, and strong character interaction, thus creating suspense and a bit of humor. One of the literary devices that were used to build drama and suspense is imagery. A scene in the story that contributes to imagery was the one that involved Mary and Patrick in the beginning of the story. â€Å"†¦ She swung the big frozen leg of lamb high in the air and brought it down as hard as she could on the back of his head†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (154 Dahl). In this scene Dahl uses imagery to show Mary’s violent actions as she kills her husband. This occurred after Patrick gave Mary unpleasant news. This creates suspense and leaves the readers to question her next actions. Another device that was used to create suspense in the story was character interaction. A scene that included character interaction was between Mary and the detectives towards the end of the story. â€Å"Why don’t you eat up that lamb that’s in the oven? † (161 Dahl) The scene that this quote occurred in was when Mary was trying to convince them to eat the lamb leg that was used to kill her husband. Dahl interprets this scene into the story to illustrate Mary’s intentions which was to get rid of the evidence which creates suspense amongst the audience. Without this interaction, the scenario would change and the story would be less suspenseful. Dahl also used irony to effectively create suspense and drama. A scene that displayed irony was the last scene in the story when the detectives were conversing while eating the lamb leg. â€Å"Personally, I think its right here on the premises. † â€Å"Probably right under our noses. What you think Jack? † (162 Dahl) In this conversation the detectives are talking about the weapon, which was used to kill Patrick, being on the premises not knowing that they are eating it. These quotes were also used to hint that Mary basically has gotten away with the crime. This scene therefore, was very ironic which also made the story a bit comedic. In conclusion, the author successfully made this story very dramatic and suspenseful. He was able to effectively create suspense and drama because of his use of literary devices. This story continued to grab the reader’s attention all the way to the end which is an example of a good story. Dahl was able to interpret irony, imagery, and character interactions into his story thus making it appealing to the audience.

Sentence Flow

Sentence Flow Sentence Flow Sentence Flow By Maeve Maddox David writes: I was wondering if you could share your thoughts on how to flow from sentence to sentence. I feel mine can be a bit jumpy as I tell the story. Much is written about â€Å"transition sentences,† that is, sentences that bridge paragraphs, but that’s not what this question is about. This question is about what a writer can do to avoid writing paragraphs that all progress to a beat of dumpty-dumpty-dump. Two things contribute to the flow of sentences within a paragraph: 1. sentence length 2. logical progression of thought In browsing my shelves for examples, I realized that some very popular writers don’t seem to share David’s concern regarding â€Å"jumpy† narration. Here’s a typical paragraph from Dan Brown’s The Da Vinci Code: Langdon and Sophie stepped into another world. The small room before them looked like a lavish sitting room at a fine hotel. Gone were the metal and rivets, replaced with oriental carpets, dark oak furniture, and cushioned chairs. On the broad desk in the middle of the room, two crystal glasses sat beside an opened bottle of Perrier, its bubbles still fizzing. A pewter pot of coffee steamed beside it. Not a complex sentence in sight. It doesn’t seem to matter if Brown is being reflective or describing action. Most of his sentences are simple or compound. Here and there the reader comes across a noun clause introduced by that, or a an adverb clause introduced by as or as if. Mostly it’s dumpty-dumpty-dump. Yes, Dan Brown is a wildly successful writer and I’m happy for him. His gift, however, is story-telling, not writing style. Here are two examples from a novel by a writer who is both an effective story-teller and a fine stylist. The first is a paragraph in which the narrator is reflecting on his life. He is attending the opera with his employer. I suppose I had once aspired to come here and walk among these beautiful, elegant people as one of their own, but that had been long ago, before all my dreams had been dashed like porcelain on paving stones. Now that I was finally here, I felt all the more like a Welsh collier’s brat, as if I were still twelve, nose running, and starting to outgrow my brother’s cast-offs. I was in the right place at the wrong time. Such was the refrain of my life. Some Danger Involved by Will Thomas The first sentence is long and leisurely, suggesting reflection. It contains no fewer than four clauses and numerous phrases. The second sentence has multiple clauses and phrases, but the last two are simple sentences, brusquely bringing the introspection back to the present moment. The second example is from an action paragraph in which the narrator is about to be murdered. The cross spun in a circle, and when it stopped, a pistol was clapped to my head. It was my own revolver. I recognized the filed-down sight. I closed my eyes and felt surprisingly at ease. I was ready to die now. I gave it all over. At that point, I would have preferred a bullet to slow death. Ibid. The first sentence has three clauses joined by the most commonplace conjunctions and and when. The loosely joined clauses suggest a spinning motion. The next two sentences are simple and staccato. Short sentences take the reader along rapidly. They convey the breathlessness felt by the man in danger. The next sentence has two clauses, but they are short and, again, joined by the nearly invisible and. The next three sentences are simple. With the length of the sentences the writer has conveyed both the fear and resignation felt by the narrator. The writer striving for a pleasantly flowing style will vary sentence length and kind, crafting length to thought. Here are some joining words with which to introduce subordinate clauses. Subordinate conjunctions after, although, as, as if, as long as, as much as, as soon as, as though, because, before, even if, even though, how, if, inasmuch, in order that, lest, now, provided (that),   since, so that, than, that, though, till, unless, until, when, whenever, where, wherever, while, Conjunctive adverbs accordingly, also, anyway, again, besides, certainly, consequently, contrarily, finally, further, furthermore, elsewhere, hence, henceforth, however, in contrast, incidentally, indeed, instead, likewise, meanwhile, moreover, namely, nevertheless, next, nonetheless, now, otherwise, rather, similarly, so, subsequently, still, that is, then, thereafter, therefore, thus, undoubtedly, yet Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Good At, Good In, and Good With20 Words Meaning "Being or Existing in the Past"Epidemic vs. Pandemic vs. Endemic

The Boer War in South Africa (1899-1902)

The Boer War in South Africa (1899-1902) From October 11, 1899, until May 31, 1902, the Second Boer War (also known as the South African War and the Anglo-Boer War) was fought in South Africa between the British and the Boers (Dutch settlers in southern Africa). The Boers had founded two independent South African republics (the Orange Free State and the South African Republic) and had a long history of distrust and dislike for the British that surrounded them. After gold was discovered in the South African Republic in 1886, the British wanted the area under their control. In 1899, the conflict between the British and the Boers burgeoned into a full-fledged war that was fought in three stages: a Boer offensive against British command posts and railway lines, a British counteroffensive that brought the two republics under British control, and a Boer guerrilla resistance movement that prompted a widespread scorched-earth campaign by the British and the internment and deaths of thousands of Boer civilians in British concentration camps. The first phase of the war gave the Boers the upper hand over British forces, but the latter two phases eventually brought victory to the British and placed the previously independent Boer territories firmly under British dominion leading, eventually, to the complete unification of South Africa as a British colony in 1910. Who Were the Boers? In 1652, the Dutch East India Company established the first staging post at the Cape of Good Hope (the southernmost tip of Africa); this was a place where ships could rest and resupply during the long voyage to the exotic spice markets along India’s western coast. This staging post attracted settlers from Europe for whom life on the continent had become unbearable due to economic difficulties and religious oppression. At the turn of the 18th century, the Cape had become home to settlers from Germany and France; however, it was the Dutch who made up the majority of the settler population. They came to be known as â€Å"Boers†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢- the Dutch word for farmers. As time passed, a number of Boers began migrating to the hinterlands where they believed they would have more autonomy to conduct their daily lives without the heavy regulations imposed on them by the Dutch East India Company. The British Move Into South Africa Britain, who viewed the Cape as an excellent staging post on the route to their colonies in Australia and India, attempted to take control over Cape Town from the Dutch East India Company, which had effectively gone bankrupt.  In 1814, Holland officially handed the colony over to the British Empire. Almost immediately, the British began a campaign to â€Å"Anglicize† the colony. English became the official language, rather than Dutch, and official policy encouraged the immigration of settlers from Great Britain. The issue of slavery became another point of contention. Britain officially abolished the practice in 1834 throughout their empire, which meant that the Cape’s Dutch settlers also had to relinquish their ownership of black slaves. The British did offer compensation to the Dutch settlers for relinquishing their slaves, but this compensation was seen as insufficient and their anger was compounded by the fact that the compensation had to be collected in London, some 6,000 miles away. Boer Independence The tension between Great Britain and South Africa’s Dutch settlers eventually prompted many Boers to move their families further into South Africa’s interior- away from British control- where they could establish an autonomous Boer state. This migration from Cape Town into the South African hinterland from 1835 to the early 1840s came to be known as â€Å"The Great Trek.† (Dutch settlers who remained in Cape Town, and thus under British rule, became known as Afrikaners.) The Boers came to embrace a new-found sense of nationalism and sought to establish themselves as an independent Boer nation, dedicated to Calvinism and a Dutch way of life. By 1852, a settlement was reached between the Boers and the British Empire granting sovereignty to those Boers who had settled beyond the Vaal River in the northeast. The 1852 settlement and another settlement, reached in 1854, brought about the creation of two independent Boer republics- the Transvaal and the Orange Free State. The Boers now had their own home. The First Boer War Despite the Boers’ newly won autonomy, their relationship with the British continued to be tense. The two Boer republics were financially unstable and still relied heavily on British help. The British, conversely, distrusted the Boers- viewing them as quarrelsome and thickheaded. In 1871, the British moved to annex the diamond territory of the Griqua People, which had previously been incorporated by the Orange Free State. Six years later, the British annexed the Transvaal, which was plagued by bankruptcy and endless squabbles with native populations. These moves angered Dutch settlers throughout South Africa. In 1880, after first allowing the British to defeat their common Zulu enemy, the Boers finally rose up in rebellion, taking up arms against the British with the purpose of reclaiming the Transvaal. The crisis is known as the First Boer War. The First Boer War lasted only a few short months, from December 1880 until March 1881. It was a disaster for the British, who had greatly underestimated the military skill and efficiency of the Boer militia units. In the early weeks of the war, a group of less than 160 Boer militiamen attacked a British regiment, killing 200 British soldiers in 15 minutes. In late February 1881, the British lost a total of 280 soldiers at Majuba, while the Boers are said to have suffered only one single casualty. Britain’s Prime Minister William E. Gladstone forged a compromise peace with the Boers that granted the Transvaal self-government while still keeping it as an official colony of Great Britain. The compromise did little to appease the Boers and tension between the two sides continued. In 1884, Transvaal President Paul Kruger successfully renegotiated the original agreement. Although control of foreign treaties remained with Britain, Britain did, however, drop the Transvaal’s official status as a British colony. The Transvaal was then officially renamed the South African Republic. Gold The discovery of roughly 17,000 square miles of gold fields in Witwatersrand in 1886, and the subsequent opening of those fields for public digging would make the Transvaal region the prime destination for gold diggers from all over the globe. The 1886 gold rush not only transformed the poor, agrarian South African Republic into an economic powerhouse, it also caused a great deal of turmoil for the young republic. The Boers were leery of the foreign prospectors- whom they dubbed â€Å"Uitlanders† (â€Å"outlanders†)- pouring into their country from across the world to mine the Witwatersrand fields. Tensions between Boers and Uitlanders eventually prompted Kruger to adopt harsh laws that would limit the general freedoms of the Uitlanders and seek to protect Dutch culture in the region. These included policies to limit access to education and press for Uitlanders, making the Dutch language obligatory, and keeping the Uitlanders disenfranchised. These policies further eroded relations between Great Britain and the Boers as many of those rushing to the gold fields were British sovereigns. Also, the fact that Britain’s Cape Colony had now slipped into the South African Republic’s economic shadow, made Great Britain even more determined to secure its African interests and to bring the Boers to heel.   The Jameson Raid The outrage expressed against Kruger’s harsh immigration policies caused many in the Cape Colony and in Britain itself to anticipate a widespread Uitlander uprising in Johannesburg. Among them was the Cape Colony’s prime minister and diamond magnate Cecil Rhodes. Rhodes was a staunch colonialist and thus believed Britain should acquisition the Boer territories (as well as the gold fields there). Rhodes sought to exploit Uitlander discontent in the Transvaal and pledged to invade the Boer republic in the event of an uprising by Uitlanders. He entrusted 500 Rhodesian (Rhodesia having been named after him) mounted police to his agent, Dr. Leander Jameson. Jameson had express instructions not to enter the Transvaal until an Uitlander uprising was underway. Jameson ignored his instructions and on December 31, 1895, entered the territory only to be captured by Boer militiamen. The event, known as the Jameson Raid, was a debacle and forced Rhodes to resign as the Cape’s prime minister. The Jameson raid only served to increase tension and distrust between the Boers and the British. Kruger’s continued harsh policies against the Uitlanders and his cozy relationship with Britain’s colonial rivals, continued to fuel the empire’s ire towards the Transvaal republic during the waning years of the 1890s. Paul Kruger’s election to a fourth term as president of the South African Republic in 1898, finally convinced Cape politicians that the only way to deal with the Boers would be through the use of force. After several failed attempts at reaching a compromise, the Boers had their fill and by September of 1899 were preparing for full war with the British Empire. That same month the Orange Free State publicly declared its support for Kruger. The Ultimatum On October 9th, Alfred Milner, the governor of the Cape Colony, received a telegram from authorities in the Boer capital of Pretoria. The telegram laid out a point-by-point ultimatum. The ultimatum demanded peaceful arbitration, the removal of British troops along their border, British troop reinforcements be recalled, and that British reinforcements who were coming via ship, not land. The British replied that no such conditions could be met and by the evening of October 11, 1899, Boer forces began crossing over the borders into Cape Province and Natal. The Second Boer War had begun. The Second Boer War Begins: The Boer Offensive Neither the Orange Free State nor the South African Republic commanded large, professional armies. Their forces, instead, consisted of militias called â€Å"commandos† that consisted of â€Å"burghers† (citizens). Any burgher between the ages of 16 and 60 was liable to be called up to serve in a commando and each often brought their own rifles and horses. A commando consisted of anywhere between 200 and 1,000 burghers and was headed by a â€Å"Kommandant† who was elected by the commando itself. Commando members, furthermore, were allowed to sit as equals in general councils of war to which they often brought their own individual ideas about tactics and strategy. The Boers who made up these commandos were excellent shots and horsemen, as they had to learn to survive in a very hostile environment from a very young age. Growing up in the Transvaal meant that one often had protected one’s settlements and herds against lions and other predators.  This made the Boer militias a formidable enemy. The British, on the other hand, were experienced with leading campaigns on the African continent and yet were completely unprepared for a full-scale war. Thinking that this was a mere squabble that would soon be resolved, the British lacked reserves in ammunition and equipment; plus, they had no suitable military maps available for use either.   The Boers took advantage of the British’s ill-preparedness and moved quickly in the early days of the war. Commandos spread out in several directions from the Transvaal and Orange Free State, besieging three railway towns- Mafeking, Kimberley, and Ladysmith- in order to impede the transport of British reinforcements and equipment from the coast. The Boers also won several major battles during the early months of the war. Most notably these were the battles of Magersfontein, Colesberg, and Stormberg, which all occurred during what became known as â€Å"Black Week† between December 10 and 15, 1899. Despite this successful initial offensive, the Boers never sought to occupy any of the British-held territories in South Africa; they focused instead on besieging supply lines and ensuring that the British were too undersupplied and disorganized to launch their own offensive. In the process, the Boers greatly taxed their resources and their failure to push further into British-held territories allowed the British time to resupply their armies from the coast. The British may have faced defeat early on but the tide was about to turn. Phase Two: The British Resurgence By January of 1900, neither the Boers (despite their many victories) nor the British had made much headway. The Boer sieges of strategic British rail lines continued but the Boer militias were rapidly growing weary and low on supplies. The British government decided it was time to gain the upper hand and sent two troop divisions to South Africa, which included volunteers from colonies like Australia and New Zealand. This amounted to roughly 180,000 men- the largest army Britain had ever sent overseas to this point. With these reinforcements, the disparity between the numbers of troops was huge, with 500,000 British soldiers but only 88,000 Boers. By late February, British forces had managed to move up strategic railway lines and finally relieve Kimberley and Ladysmith from Boer besiegement. The Battle of Paardeberg, which lasted nearly ten days, saw a major defeat of Boer forces. Boer general Piet Cronjà © surrendered to the British along with more than 4,000 men. A series of further defeats greatly demoralized the Boers, who were also plagued by starvation and disease brought on by months of sieges with little to no supply relief. Their resistance began to collapse. By March 1900, British forces led by Lord Frederick Roberts had occupied Bloemfontein (the capital of the Orange Free State) and by May and June, they had taken Johannesburg and the South African Republic’s capital, Pretoria. Both republics were annexed by the British Empire. Boer leader Paul Kruger escaped capture and went into exile in Europe, where much of the population’s sympathy lay with the Boer cause. Squabbles erupted within Boer ranks between the bittereinders (â€Å"bitter-enders†) who wanted to keep fighting and those hendsoppers (â€Å"hands-uppers†) who favored surrender.  Many Boer burghers did end up surrendering at this point, but about 20,000 others decided to fight on. The last, and most destructive, phase of the war was about to begin. Despite the British victories, the guerrilla phase would last more than two years. Phase Three: Guerrilla Warfare, Scorched Earth, and Concentration Camps Despite having annexed both Boer republics, the British barely managed to control either one. The guerrilla war that was launched by resistant burghers and led by generals Christiaan de Wet and Jacobus Hercules de la Rey, kept the pressure on British forces throughout the Boer territories. Rebel Boer commandos relentlessly raided British communication lines and army bases with swift, surprise attacks often conducted at night. Rebel commandos had the ability to form on a moment’s notice, conduct their attack and then vanish as if into thin air, confusing British forces who barely knew what had hit them. The British response to the guerrillas was three-fold. Firstly, Lord Horatio Herbert Kitchener, commander of the South African British forces, decided to set up barbed wire and blockhouses along the railway lines to keep the Boers at bay. When this tactic failed, Kitchener decided to adopt a â€Å"scorched earth† policy that systematically sought to destroy food supplies and deprive the rebels of shelter. Whole towns and thousands of farms were plundered and burned; livestock was killed. Lastly, and perhaps most controversially, Kitchener ordered the construction of concentration camps in which thousands of women and children- mostly those left homeless and destitute by his scorched earth policy- were interred.   The concentration camps were severely mismanaged. Food and water were scarce in the camps and starvation and disease caused the deaths of over 20,000. Black Africans were also interred in segregated camps primarily as a source of cheap labor for gold mines. The camps were widely criticized, especially in Europe where British methods in the war were already under heavy scrutiny. Kitchener’s reasoning was that the internment of civilians would not only further deprive the burghers of food, which had been supplied to them by their wives on the homestead, but that it would prompt the Boers to surrender in order to be reunited with their families. Most notable among the critics in Britain was Liberal activist Emily Hobhouse, who worked tirelessly to expose the conditions in the camps to an outraged British public. The revelation of the camp system severely damaged the reputation of Britain’s government and furthered the cause for Boer nationalism abroad.   Peace Nevertheless, the strong-arm tactics of the British against the Boers eventually served their purpose. The Boer militias grew weary of fighting and morale was breaking down. The British had offered peace terms in March of 1902, but to no avail. By May of that year, however, Boer leaders finally accepted peace conditions and signed the Treaty of Vereenigingon May 31, 1902. The treaty officially ended the independence of both the South African Republic and the Orange Free State and placed both territories under British army administration. The treaty also called for the immediate disarmament of the burghers and included a provision for funds to be made available for the reconstruction of the Transvaal. The Second Boer War had come to an end and eight years later, in 1910, South Africa was united under British dominion and became the Union of South Africa.

M7 Deforestation and Kaibab Deer Discussion Assignment

M7 Deforestation and Kaibab Deer Discussion - Assignment Example ifferent ways including destruction of recreation area in the national and tropic forests which provide the locals more returns compared to logging, drying up rivers as alternative sources of income and increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide (Merrill, 2008). Deforestation generally interferes with other important or beneficial economic activities such as hunting, recreation and fishing in both the tropic and the national forests. Deforestation of tropic forests lead to increased emission of greenhouse gases as well as enhance susceptibility of surrounding areas to tropic storms and floods. Floods are associated with increase in certain diseases such as cholera and malaria through breeding mosquitoes on stagnated waters (Merrill, 2008). Cholera resulting from floods can be addressed the public health sector through controlling of the floods through encouraging mitigation measures such as tree planting or re-afforestation. The disease can also be controlled through distribution of clean drinking water during such floods. A significant decrease in the number of wild animals especially the potential extinction the mule deer the Kaibab due to increased hunting activities led to the decision to make Kaibab a Forest Reserve. This decision was made to facilitate restriction of hunting activities through prohibition hunting within the forest reserve and the Grand Canyon National Park (Kay, 2010). Nevertheless, the move resulted into increased number of wild animals which posed another threat other forms of wildlife with such areas. As a result, this incident has been quoted in many wildlife decisions especially in justifying the need to authorize hunting to achieve significant ecological balance (Kay, 2010). Hunting has been supported on economic basis in which the activity is believed to contribute significantly to the national economy. Charitable organizations benefit from donations made from hunting activities both in monitory and food forms (North Carolina Wildlife

Math Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 14

Math - Speech or Presentation Example recommended’ puts the public under the impression that the moisturizing lotion must have undergone extensive tests and use by a collective group of skin specialists when no actual number of professionals is stated. On the assumption that people are generally aware that dermatologists constitute a credible skincare authority, the ad necessitates no more of essential statistical details to support the claim. ‘Dermatologist’ is taken to mean a group, especially an adequate number of skincare experts though the ad does not specify whether it is singular or plural so that a critical consumer may ask ‘what if only one dermatologist had the opportunity to test the lotion?’ or if there were several others, ‘why are such facts excluded where at least mentioning a ratio x number out of y number will do?’. So then it appears as if the insufficient information is intended for a strategic marketing to catch the public’s interest toward buying t he product immediately. Explanation: Apparently, the use of double negatives in this case makes the question itself biased in a way that it directs the public to understand that tutoring services are not only meant for students who fail in class. This could result to a range of interpretations where some may readily be swayed to consider that it is important for being an ‘extra’ rather than a ‘mandatory’ task so that because of this loose sense of obligation, people take chances of closing agreement to that option. On another occasion, the query may not be a good measure of obtaining reliable survey outcomes since its statement is more imperative than interrogative, as in demanding to be understood in the light of its implied position. Furthermore, instead of taking one’s original stand on the matter, the person might be misled to an ambiguous thought about ‘extra tutoring’ where it is possible to think that students who pass may need tutoring for an additional activity or it is also possible to assume

Mktg Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Mktg - Essay Example The other common restriction is imposition of taxes and tariffs on imports. Lastly, a government may ban trade between it and another country or countries. This is called â€Å"Embargoes†. Logistic Performance Index is an international logistic assessment tool used to determine a countries global trade performance in regard to logistical dimensions. These dimensions incude,quality of trade as facilitated by infrastructure, efficiency in regard to the clearance concept, relative ease in the arrangement and pricing of shipment products, tracking and tracing ability of products being exported and imported. Overall quality and competitiveness of services used in logistics which may include transport oparations.Lastly under Logistic Performance Index is reliability. This refers to if the goods are able to reach their intended destination within expected time. In general outline, logistic performance index can be implored in a number of ways. They guide the assemblance of goods before being exported to another country. They also facilitate import procedures and provide guidelines that are common to parties participating in trade. It gives firms universal outlook and enables all nations be potential markets. In conclusion political restricts uphold the overall trading welfare of a particular country whereas logistic Performance index puts logistic systems in place to enable effective trading environment

Supply Chain Management: Boeing And Airbus

Supply Chain Management: Boeing And Airbus I would like to mention a subject relating to aviation industry, especially in leasing aircraft sector. The most important task in this sector is how to order, purchase and lease back aircraft to airlines. But to implement this task, we should know in detail how the aircraft assembly process under the control of aircraft manufacture is. In Vietnam, the aviation market has a great development with the air traffic increasing year by year. In order to meet the high demand, Vietnamese airliners have to add more aircraft to their fleet. They not only purchase aircraft by itself, but also need to lease from aircraft lessors. So that, aircraft lessors have to support airlines to develop their fleet. Beside, leasing aircraft sector is the new one in Vietnam aviation industry. With this purpose, this final paper will provide an overview of the supply chain management practices by Airbus and Boeing in their new products as Airbus A350 XWB (Extra Wide Body) and Boeing B787 Dreamliners and how the both aircraft manufactures apply lean process management. Understanding this process, aircraft lessors will make a suitable decision to purchase aircrafts. On this occasion, I would like to thanks my partners in Boeing Commercial Airplane and Airbus SAS for providing necessary internal documents for reference. I also thanks my colleague in aircraft technical section in my company, Vietnam Aircraft Leasing Company, and technical staff from Vietnam Airlines Corporation for supporting during the data collection. 2. Research Goals and Approach: 2.1 Goals: In this final paper, I would like to provide the some overview for understanding the emerging of supply chain management strategies in the commercial aviation industry. It also shows the longer-term implications of the supply chain management in the aviation industry in the future. 2.2 Approach: To implement a comparative analysis of supply chain management applied by Boeing and Airbus and their lean process management. To focus on two new large development programs in commercial aviation (Boeing 787 Dreamliners and Airbus A350 XWB). To concentrate on the common set of suppliers supporting both programs to develop a sharp compare and contrast perspective, looking at Boeing Airbus from the vantage point of these common suppliers. 3. Literature review: The extensive literature showing that lean supply chain management practices represent a critical source of sustained competitive advantage and containing some factors as following: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Supplier network architecture linked to companys vision strategy. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Early supplier integration into design and development. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Visibility and transparency through open communications. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Long-term, trust-based, mutually-beneficial relationships. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Continuous supplier development process improvement. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ New supplier network architectures represent a defining feature of emerging new business models for managing complexity, uncertainty and competition in a globalized market environment. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Access to investment capital, new markets and new sources of innovation. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Greater outsourcing, strategic alliances partnerships, delegation of greater responsibilities to suppliers to minimize risk and transaction costs. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Internet-enabled information technologies and systems radically redefining supplier integration via improved information visibility and information-sharing efficiency gains. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Machine-to-machine data communication system integration globally. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Unprecedented visibility, transparency and accuracy. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Greater flexibility in interconnecting different systems, facilitating both bilateral and multilateral collaboration. 4. Research Design: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ To develop baseline data about the individual supplier companies. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ To gauge whether and the extent to which they are employing lean practices. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ To assess the extent to which the two large customer companies are practicing lean principles in their engagement with the suppliers. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ To document the extent to which the two large customer companies have proactively required the suppliers to adopt lean practices. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ To develop more deeply into specific topical areas (e.g., role in design development, information/communication links, contract design). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ To probe how exactly the two customer companies manage their relationships with these specific suppliers. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Open source information to ensure external validity generalizability. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ About the two companies their supply chain management practices. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ About the two specific programs. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ About the common suppliers. 5. Boeing 787 Program: 5.1 Overview: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Launch Year in 2002 in order to responding to the overwhelming preference of airlines around the world, Boeing Commercial Airplanes new airplane is the Boeing 787 Dreamliner, a super-efficient airplane. An international team of top aerospace companies is developing the airplane, led by Boeing at its Everett, Washington facility near Seattle. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Represents Boeings response to expected demand for an aircraft that would cost less to own, operate and maintain. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Targeted at the middle of the market segment the rapid, direct, point-to-point connections aviation market segment, with capacity of 250 passengers. Unparalleled Performance At the first stage of the program, Boeing tent to launch 03 type of aircraft: 787-3, 787-8, 787-9 but up to now, there are 02 main versions. The 787-8 Dreamliner will carry 210 250 passengers on routes of 7,650 to 8,200 nautical miles (14,200 to 15,200 kilometers), while the 787-9 Dreamliner will carry 250 290 passengers on routes of 8,000 to 8,500 nautical miles (14,800 to 15,750 kilometers). In addition to bringing big-jet ranges to mid-size airplanes, the 787 will provide airlines with unmatched fuel efficiency, resulting in exceptional environmental performance. The airplane will use 20 percent less fuel for comparable missions than todays similarly sized airplane. It will also travel at speeds similar to todays fastest wide bodies, Mach 0.85. Airlines will enjoy more cargo revenue capacity. Passengers will also see improvements with the new airplane, from an interior environment with higher humidity to increased comfort and convenience. Advanced Technology The key to this exceptional performance is a suite of new technologies being developed by Boeing and its international technology development team. 50 percent of the primary structure including the fuselage and wing on the 787 will be made of composite materials. An open architecture will be at the heart of the 787s systems, which will be more simplified than todays airplanes and offer increased functionality. For example, the team is looking at incorporating health-monitoring systems that will allow the airplane to self-monitor and report maintenance requirements to ground-based computer systems. General Electric and Rolls-Royce are the two engine manufacture to develop engines for the new airplane. It is expected that advances in engine technology will contribute as much as 8 percent of the increased efficiency of the new airplane, representing a nearly two-generation jump in technology for the middle of the market. Another improvement in efficiency will come in the way the airplane is designed and built. New technologies and processes are in development to help Boeing and its supplier partners achieve unprecedented levels of performance at every phase of the program. For example, by manufacturing a one-piece fuselage section, we are eliminating 1,500 aluminum sheets and 40,000 50,000 fasteners. Continuing Progress The Boeing board of directors granted authority to offer the airplane for sale in late 2003. Program launch occurred in April 2004 with a record order from All-Nippon Airways. Since that time, 56 customers from six continents of the world have placed orders for 847 airplanes valued at $147 billion, making this the most successful launch of a new commercial airplane in Boeings history. The 787 program opened its final assembly plant in Everett in May 2007. First flight of the 787 Dreamliner occurred in Dec. 2009. The program has signed on more than 40 of the worlds most capable top-tier supplier partners and together finalized the airplanes configuration in September 2005. Boeing has been working with its top tier suppliers since the early detailed design phase of the program and all are connected virtually at 135 sites around the world. Eleven partners from around the world completed facility construction for a total of three million additional square feet to create their major structures and bring the next new airplane to market. 5.2. Specification Model B787-8 B787-9 Engine GEnext or Rolls Royce Trent 1000 GEnext or Rolls Royce Trent 1000 Range 7,650 to 8,200 nautical miles (14,200 to 15,200 kilometers) 8,000 to 8,500 nautical miles (14,800 to 15,750 kilometers) Seat 210 to 250 passengers 250 to 290 passengers Configuration Twin aisle Twin aisle Cross Section 226 inches (574 centimeters) 226 inches (574 centimeters) Wing Span 197 feet (60 meters) 197 feet (60 meters) Length 186 feet (57 meters) 206 feet (63 meters) Height 56 feet (17 meters) 56 feet (17 meters) Cruise Speed Mach 0.85 Mach 0.85 Total Cargo Volume 4,400 cubic feet 5,400 cubic feet Max Takeoff Weight 502,500 lbs (227,930 kilograms) 545,000 lbs (247,208 kg) Program milestones: Authority to offer: late 2003 Program launch: April 2004 Assembly start: 2006 First roll-out ceremony: July 2007 First flight: December 2009 First delivery: Mid Q1/2011 (estimated) 5.3. Program Fact Sheet: The 787 Program covers many areas of interest, from the market, customers, and airplane technology to manufacturing enhancements and an extensive partner team, among others. Here are some interesting facts and figures on a number of these topic areas: Market size: 3,310 units over 20 years (Boeing Market Forecast 2009-2028) Firm orders by customer (up to October 2010 at www.boeing.com) Model Series Orders Deliveries Total B787-8 629 629 B787-9 218 218 B787 Total 847 847 B787 vs. B777 on composites and aluminum (by weight): B787 B777 50 % composites 12 % composites 20 % aluminum 50 % aluminum Material breakout on B787: Composites: 50% Aluminum: 20% Titanium: 15% Steel: 10% Other: 5% Better designe: More fuel efficient: 20 % more fuel efficient than similarly sized airplanes Produces fewer emissions: 20 % fewer than similarly sized airplanes Better cash seat mile costs than peer airplanes: 10 % Better maintenance costs: 30% Generators: Four at 250 kVA (two per engine) Two at 225 kVA (on auxiliary power unit) Hydraulic power: Distributed at: 5,000 pounds per square inch on the 787 3,000 pounds per square inch standard Advantage of the new electric architecture: Extracts as much as 35 percent less power from the engines than traditional pneumatic systems on todays airplanes. US and non-US content on the 787: Roughly 70 percent US Roughly 30 percent non-US. The number of new city pairs the 787 will connect: At least 450 Other special features: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Represents large step towards all-electric-airplane, one in which all systems are run by electricity. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Driven by the belief that power electronics, key to the all-electric airplane, are on a steep curve of performance cost improvement, while pneumatic systems growth has tapped out around 1995. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The traditional bleed air and hydraulic power are replaced with electrically powered compressors and pumps. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Cabin pressurized by electric motors, not by bleed air used by almost every pressurized aircraft. An open architecture centralized computer hosts the avionics and utility functions, rather than dozens of individual buses. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Anti-icing of the wing to be done with electric heat instead of bleed air. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Composites: resist long-term wear and tear, because cracks do not propagate from holes as in aluminum; inspections are made easier; maintenance intervals stretched to 1000 hrs (compared with 500 hrs for 767 or 700 hrs for A330 the two most prominent aircraft 787 aims to replace). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Much more savvy focus on flexible financing arrangements, plus closer attention to passenger comfort, fuel burn and life cycle costs. 6. Airbus A350 XWB Program: 6.1. Overview: Aimed at compete with B787 from Boeing, Airbus has decided to build A350 XWB based on the technologies developed for A380. The Airbus A350 XWB is a long-range, mid-size, wide-body family of airliners currently under development by European aircraft manufacturer Airbus. The A350 will be the first Airbus with both fuselage and wing structures made primarily of carbon fibre-reinforced polymer. The A350 is designed to compete with the Boeing 777 and the Boeing 787. Airbus claims that it will be more fuel-efficient, with up to 8% lower operating cost than the Boeing 787. It is scheduled to enter into airline service during the second half of 2013. The launch customer for the Airbus A350 is Qatar Airways. Development costs are projected to be US$15 billion. Airbus utilises next-generation manufacturing and assembly techniques to make the A350 XWB a more efficient and reliable aircraft. The A350 XWB is equipped with an advanced cockpit and onboard systems optimised for robustness and simplicity, while its advanced wing design makes this aircraft faster and quieter. The A350 XWBs onboard systems are designed for maximum reliability, operability and simplicity. The advanced wing design of the A350 XWB will make it a faster, quieter and more efficient aircraft. Airbus utilises new techniques to optimise the A350 XWBs weight, maintenance and operating costs. The A350 XWBs cockpit features the latest in display technology and integrated modular avionics. 6.2. Specification: Aircraft Dimensions Overall length 198 ft.7.5 in. 219 ft. 5.5 in. 242 ft. 4.7 in. Height 55 ft. 11.3 in. 55 ft. 11.3 in. 55 ft. 11.3 in. Fuselage diameter 19 ft. 58 in. (horiz) 19 ft. 58 in. (horiz) 19 ft. 6 in. (horiz) Wingspan (geometric) 212 ft. 5 in. 212 ft. 5 in. 212 ft. 5 in. Wing area (reference) 4,740 ft2 4,767 ft2 4,767 ft2 Wing sweep (25% chord) 31.9 degrees 31.9 degrees 31.9 degrees Wheelbase 81 ft. 7 in. 94 ft. 1 in. 108 ft. 7 in. Wheel track 34 ft. 9 in. 34 ft. 9 in. 35 ft. 2 in. Basic Operation Data Engines 2 Rolls-Royce Trent XWB 2 Rolls-Royce Trent XWB 2 Rolls-Royce Trent XWB Engine thrust range 75,000 lb. slst. 84,000 lb. slst. 93,000 lb. slst. Typical passenger seating 270 (3-class) 314 (3-class) 350 (3-class) Range (w/max. passengers) 8,300 nm. 8,100 nm. 8,000 nm. Max. operating Mach number (Mmo) 0.89 Mo. 0.89 Mo. 0.89 Mo. Design Weights Maximum ramp weight 548.7 lbs. x 1000 592.8 lbs. x 1000 659.0 lbs. x 1000 Maximum takeoff weight 546.7 lbs. x 1000 590.8 lbs. x 1000 657.0 lbs. x 1000 Maximum landing weight 407.9 lbs. x 1000 451.9 lbs. x 1000 503.8 lbs. x 1000 Maximum zero fuel weight 382.5 lbs. x 1000 423.3 lbs. x 1000 470.6 lbs. x 1000 Maximum fuel capacity 34,082 US gal. 36,460 US gal. 41,215 US gal. Some Design Technical Features: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Cockpit design follows same cockpit layout, characteristics and operating procedures as in the A320 and A330/A340 platforms, providing a number of advantages (e.g., in terms of crew training, crew transition, cross-crew qualification). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Also incorporates new features that benefit from innovation in technologies for displays, flight management navigation systems. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ First commercial airplane to adopt EHAs (electrohydrostatic actuators) flight control technologies, a step forward to the all-electric airplane. EHAs are electrically powered but use hydraulic pumps and reservoirs that transform electrical power into hydraulic power. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Advantages: large savings in terms of weight and space (e.g., reduction in the size of pipelines, actuators and other components, power generation equipment, tubing, amount of fluid required), as well as ease of installation. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ First commercial aircraft capable of flying with total hydraulic failure, using electricity to operate the flight control surfaces. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Extensive use of composite materials 25% (by weight), compared with 10% in A320 and 30% in A340-500/600. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Use of carbon composites and advanced metallic hybrid materials, along with laser beam welding to eliminate fasteners, reduce weight and provide enhanced fatigue tolerance. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Glare: highly resistant to fatigue, used in construction of panels for upper fuselage. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Aluminum and fiberglass layers of Glare do not allow propagation of cracks. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Glare lighter than conventional materials represents a weight saving of about 500kg. 6.3. Fact Sheet: Firm orders by customer: (up to October 2010 at www.airbus.com) Model Series Orders Deliveries Total A350-800 158 158 A350-900 340 340 A350-1000 75 75 A350 Total 573 573 A350 vs. B787 on material breakout (by weight) A350 B787 Composites: 53% Composites: 50% Aluminum: 19% Aluminum: 20% Titanium: 14% Titanium: 15% Steel: 6% Steel: 10% Other: 8% Other: 5% Airbus internal goal to freeze the design and expects: 10% lower airframe maintenance cost 14% lower empty seat weight than competing aircraft More fuel efficient: Up to 25 % more fuel efficient than similarly sized airplanes Produces fewer emissions: Up to 25% fewer than similarly sized airplanes Better cash seat mile costs than peer airplanes: 15% 7. Supply Chain Management Practices by Airbus and Boeing: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Supplier selection on both programs following a typical competitive bid process during initial plateau phase; selection on best-value basis. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Boeing retains unified list of pre-qualified suppliers/vendors (qualified parts list QPL; qualified vendor list QVL). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Airbus does not yet maintain such a unified list, but moving in same direction. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Both have major suppliers participate early in design and development process. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Both committed to long-term, mutually-beneficial, reliable and stable relationships with key suppliers. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Supplier partnerships typically limited to suppliers that continuously show excellence in performance, demonstrate credible long-term business interest, and back it up with their own development and investment. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Life-of-program fixed-cost contracts, but with some differences. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Electronic links with suppliers via supplier portals (request for quote/proposal; order placement; technical data interchange, such as technical specifications, key characteristics, engineering drawings; exchanging documents; facilitating virtual collaboration with global partnering suppliers in a 3D design software environment). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) initiatives: Both Boeing and Airbus have expanded the application of RFID tags for both the B787 and A350 programs; they have worked together to reach for consensus regarding standards for using global RFID technology on commercial airplanes). 8. Major suppliers responsibility is greater: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Important strategic shifts in supply chain management, driven by pressing need to reduce cost and spread development costs. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Both have asked major suppliers in B787 and A350 to absorb non-recurring costs, thus greatly shifting costs and risks to suppliers, but using somewhat different approaches. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Suppliers delegated much more responsibility for design, development and manufacturing through closer collaboration, partnerships and integration across supplier networks. Boeing 787: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Boeing has gone the extra distance with the 787 program retains only about 33%-35% of the total 787 work share à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Deliberate effort to reduce parts count to enable snap three-day assembly of the 787 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Suppliers moving up the value chain assuming more of a system integrator role, providing more integrated components and managing their own sub-tier suppliers à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ This is the first time Boeing has outsourced the entire wing design and manufacturing to external suppliers (risk-sharing partners Fuji Heavy Industries, Ltd.: center wing box; Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd.: main wing fixed trailing edge; Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.: wing box) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ This is the first time Boeing applied lean manufacturing process in B787 program to improve absence management while merging its short and long-term disability program administration with leave-of-absence offering. Airbus A350: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Airbus, as a multinational consortium prior to July 2001, had already adopted a strategic partnership model with well-defined work-share arrangements. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Airbus has increased its outsourcing in the A350 program, but has still kept in-house core technologies, such as composite technology and wing design. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Airbus also applied lean process technique by getting advice from Porsche (a German car manufacture) in order to reduce production time and avoid delay as happened in A380 program. 9. Worldwide Outsourcing: Both Airbus and Boeing have increased their global outsourcing in Japan, China, India, Middle East, Eastern Europe and Russia (estimated in the future). Why the two aircraft manufacture select these region because of the strong economic growth as well as fast-growing air travel particularly in Asia/Pacific region. Large Asian and Middle Eastern carriers as Singapore Airlines, Emirates, Vietnam Airlines now are the major customers. The variety of offset arrangements have opened up new market opportunities, tied to increased sourcing (e.g., from China). Boeing strategy: long unparalleled dominance in Japanese market strong presence in China. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ In Japan: 80% of orders from Japanese airlines from Boeing during last decade; Japanese suppliers (heavies) account for 35% of 787 work-shares. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ In China: activities range from subcontracting, joint ventures, technical training and assistance for cooperative programs; visible support from Chinese suppliers (valued at $1.6 billion), supplying essential composite parts and structures for 787 programs. Airbus strategy: relative newcomer to Japan China. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ In Japan: facing difficulties in winning orders from Japanese airlines, but has contracted work with Japanese suppliers. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ In China: sale activities in China jumped to 219 aircraft in 2005 from 56, overtaking Boeing by delivering 6 more aircraft; committed to doubling procurement from Chinese suppliers to $120 million/year by 2010; announced Tianjin will be site for Airbus first final assembly plant outside Europe. 10. The Emerging Unique Model: Boeing Model: The Boeing 787 experience represents a unique model for the future in supply chain management. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ In essence, the Boeing model is about optimizing the total business, not just the supply chain in the traditional sense. Supply chain architecture as an integral part of the entire program extended enterprise architecture. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Main emphasis is on optimizing portfolio of core competencies in entire value stream for mutual benefit. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Lifecycle value creation perspective, not short-term waste elimination or cost minimization for Boeing itself. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Boeing has adopted a bold new innovative system integrator role. This represents a revolutionary departure from the past. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Boeing has asked all suppliers to carry all of the non-recurring costs; in return, gives back to risk-sharing partnering suppliers the intellectual property rights on the components or systems they provide. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Contracts are so designed that if the aircraft does well in the marketplace, the risk-sharing partners derive direct benefits and major partnering suppliers can make design trades within each work package and across company units to find optimal system solutions. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Lower-tier suppliers are not provided IP ownership but are given long-term relationships, where they can benefit from scale economies. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Boeing only provides high-level interface definition; the first-tier (major partnering suppliers) is responsible for the detailed interface definitions designs. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Suppliers work together and Boeing acts as referee in case of conflicts. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Web-enabled information technologies systems a critical enabler. Airbus model: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Airbus is reported to have established risk-sharing partnerships with more than 30 of its major suppliers covering $3.1 billion or 25% of total program non-recurring costs. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ These suppliers include Alenia, Eurocopter, Fokker, Gamesa, Labinal, Saab). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ However, this needs closer scrutiny, to see what it actually means. Airbus also continues to exercise control over all system and detail engineering interface definitions. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Airbus suppliers work in parallel (bilaterally with Airbus), with limited lateral communications among them. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Unlike Boeing, Airbus has no strong partners for major risk-sharing activities or as contributors to development spending. However, Airbus is currently pursuing new partnering arrangements under its Airbus Power competitiveness Industrial Plan. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Plan proposes radical cost-cutting rationalization measures (cutting 10,000 jobs, closing down or selling specific sites, rearranging workshare allocation). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Investment partners being sought for the Extended Enterprise sites (Nordenham, Germany; Meaulte, France; Filton, UK). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ As part of the plan, supplier relationships would also change (Airbus wants partners to commit to long-term cost reductions). Airbus also reducing its supplier base from 3,000 down to 5,000. 11. Conclusion: Aerospace supply chain management will continue to evolve from a transactional or relational business model to one involving risk-sharing and cost-sharing prime-supplier partnerships, alliances closely-knit collaborative relationships. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Where primes (system-integrators) will likely to move closer to a total system integrator lifecycle value provider role. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Major suppliers to assume greater system-integrator role, with greater responsibility for design, development, manufacturing, and after-market lifecycle support. Suppliers, in general, moving from short-term service providers to long-term partners. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Global outsourcing considered as aerospace supply chains and is likely to be a lot more quite internationalized in the future. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Adoption of information technologies enabling network-wide connectivity right down to lower tiers an imperative in the future for coordinating complex set of interdependencies. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Continued consolidation likely in aerospace supplier base to build greater specialization broader system integration skills, and stronger financial backbone to make the necessary investments to enhance core capabilities.